產品開發的生產或製造流程，是指涉及採購材料並轉化為產品或元件的所有活動。對於服務提供而言，這個流程包括採購和應用材料，以提升服務的價值。在產品或服務開發過程中的每個階段，都必須仔細關注品質控制。透過資料收集和系統管理，可以監控每個階段，確保生產流程持續、順暢且高品質。

The production or manufacturing process for product development refers to all the activities involved with sourcing materials and transforming into products or components. For service delivery, the process includes sourcing and applying materials to add value to the service. It's important to pay careful attention to quality control throughout each stage of the product or service development process. Data collection and system management allows monitoring of each stage, ensuring a continuous, smooth and high quality flow of production.

銷售通路是產品和服務從生產者到達客戶的選定路徑。這些通路可以是直接的，由製造商直接銷售給消費者，也可以是間接的，涉及批發商、零售商或其他中介機構。一些常見的通路包括：

市場攤位
零售店的櫃檯銷售
網路銷售
電話行銷

Distribution channels are selected pathways where products and services travel from the producer to the customer. These channels can be direct, with the manufacturer selling directly to the consumer, or indirect, involving wholesalers, retailers, or other intermediaries. Some common channels are:

market stalls
over-the-counter sales from a retail shop
online sales
telemarketing.